Etiology of pulmonary venous aneurysm diagnosed by a combination of echocardiography and contrast-enhanced computed tomography: a case report

Pulmonary venous aneurysm is rare and its etiology is still debated. Some studies have shown that acquired aneurysms are caused by an increase in left atrial pressure and mitral regurgitation. However, few reports have provided direct evidence of this pathology. We present a case of pulmonary venous aneurysm diagnosed using a combination of echocardiography and contrast-enhanced computed tomography with strong evidence for an etiology of severe mitral valve regurgitation. A 24-year-old Chinese man was diagnosed with mitral valve perforation with severe mitral regurgitation caused by infectious endocarditis. A right inferior pulmonary venous aneurysm was diagnosed by contrast-enhanced computed tomography. Color Doppler echocardiography revealed a mitral regurgitation jet filling the giant aneurysm. Three-dimensional echocardiography provided a clear stereoscopic view of the aneurysm. These imaging modalities provided direct evidence for the etiology of the pulmonary venous aneurysm.